Week Twelve
So close.
Questions;
- What are the characteristics of the internet that cause problems for users?
The internet has many problems: security, plagiarism and identity theft are just a few.
- What is Intellectual property, and how is it protected?
Intellectual property includes; inventions, ideas, music, and music. IP does not require registration.
Protection- Firewalls, anti virus programs, copyright, licensing and patterns.
- What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is when you use others’ ideas and words without acknowledging the source.
- List some security risks when using the internet?
Probe attack- content theft, password theft
Virus contamination
- How can you protect yourself?
Anti virus software, Firewall, beware of attachments and be aware of the complications of spyware.
Quotes and extracts: copyright obligations
This sheet gave me a brief overview of copyright law, it relates to using quotations and extracts. The principles it discussed, included special exceptions to infringement which related to “criticism or review” or “research or study”. They are still relevant but are not examined in this article.
Key points
-You need to acknowledge every source when quoting, and some you may need to ask for special permission.
- you need to reference if you use a substantial part of the file. A substantial part is judged by whether or not the content is important, essential or distinctive.
- There are situations in which you can use a substantial part without permission. This is reserved to the copyright owner.
Acknowledging the source of the work is not a substitute for permission. If you need permission to use a quote or extract, referncing the work is not enough. If you get permission to use a work or a substantial part of a work, you will still be obliged to respect the moral rights of the author by providing sufficient attribution of their authorship.
INFORMATION SHEET G34
Quotes and extracts: copyright obligations
Australian Copyright Council 2006
www.copyright.org.au
Internet: copying & downloading
This information sheet would be used for people who want to copy or download material from the internet. The internet uses P2P software and networks. (P2P software connects individual users with each other over networks, allowing them to share files directly, without those files being stored centrally.)
Key points
Material on the internet may be protected by copyright, including emails.
In many cases, permission to download material from a website is given on the site itself, but the fact that material is available to be viewed on a website makes this hard to determine.
Do not assume that everything on the internet has permission from the copyright owner.
In Australia, copyright law is set out in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). In many cases, courts have made decisions on how the Act is to be interpreted and applied in various situations. The types of material which can be protected by copyright include:
- Literary works (novels, poems and lyrics, reports, instruction manuals, newspaper articles and letters);
- Artistic works (drawings, paintings and graphic art)
- Musical works
- Dramatic works (screenplays and choreography)
- Computer programs
Copyright protection is automatic; there is no system of registration in Australia. A work doesn’t need to be published, or have the copyright notice on it, to be protected.
INFORMATION SHEET G056v06
Internet: copying & downloading material
Australian Copyright Council 2008
www.copyright.org.au
Governments (Commonwealth, State and Territory)
This sheet outlines the rights and obligations of Commonwealth, State and Territory governments in relation to copyright material. In particular, it discuss’s sections 183 and 183A of the Copyright Act, which allow the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories to use copyright material for the services of government.
Key points
- Governments are entitled to rely on different exceptions to copyright infringement, compared to other copyright users.
- Governments become owners of copyright in circumstances where others would not.
This page also offers contact details, to official government buildings all over Australia. As governments have greater rights to use copyright material than other users.
The Commonwealth, a State or a Territory owns copyright in material if it is: created by, or under the direction or control of, the Commonwealth State or Territory; or first published by, or under the direction or control of, the Commonwealth, State or Territory.
This applies unless there is an agreement between the Commonwealth State or Territory and another party, such as a contractor, which acts out otherwise. Getting permission to use government material is not hard you can call an office or check their website;
http://www.ag.gov.au/cca.
INFORMATION SHEET G062v09
Governments (Commonwealth, State and Territory)
Australian Copyright Council 2007
www.copyright.org.au
Copyright protection in other countries
This sheet, gave a brief overview of copyright protection given to Australia, concerning context being used overseas.Australia is a party to a number of international treaties dealing with copyright: In order to become a party to the international copyright treaties, a country must legislate to achieve a minimum standard of copyright protection.
In most cases, it must also give protection for copyright material from all the countries which are party to the treaty (“national treatment”).
Most countries grant copyright protection to Australian material under international treaties. The countries that do this include: Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. Countries which do not grant protection to Australian material include Taiwan.
Minimum standards of copyright protection ensure that there is a basic level of copyright protection in all member countries, although the ways in which the legislation is implemented need not be uniform. Some examples of the kinds of minimum protection required are set out below. Many countries provide more extensive protection than the minimum required by treaties.
Materials protected
- written material such as books and reports;
- music;
- dramatic works such as plays and choreography;
- artistic works such as paintings, drawings and photographs;
- architectural works; and
- cinematograph works such as films and videos.
In some countries (including the United Kingdom and New Zealand), it is necessary to assert the attribution right in order to be able to enforce it. This is usually done by including in a published work a statement such as “The moral rights of the author(s) have been asserted” or “The author’s right to be identified has been asserted”.
INFORMATION SHEET G30
Copyright protection in other countries
Australian Copyright Council 2006
www.copyright.org.au
Copyright and computer software
The information on here provides a brief overview of copyright as it applies to people who write computer software. It also contains information which is relevant to people who use computer software.
Key points
- Computer programs are protected by copyright in the same way as novels or poems.
- If you buy a computer program, your rights to use it are normally set out in the terms and conditions of a license.
- The Copyright Act allows you to make a back-up copy of a computer program, but not of any associated material (such as computer games, text or artworks).
Owners of copyright in computer programs have a number of exclusive rights, including the right to:
- reproduce the program in a material form (such as copying the program to the hard disk of a computer, and writing or typing the source code of the program);
- publish the program (such as making the program public for the first time in Australia);
- make an adaptation of the program (such as making a version of the program in either the same or a different language, code or notation: for example, a program in object code may be an adaptation of its source code version); and
- communicate the program to the public (such as making it available online, or by electronically transmitting it, using any type of cable or wireless technology including the internet).
INFORMATION SHEET G50
Copyright and computer software
Australian Copyright Council 2005
www.copyright.org.au
http://www.apra.com.au/music-users/online_mobile/online_mobile.asp
The new dilemma we are facing today is piracy, everybody has seen the advertisements, but do you understand the drama in this dilemma. Downloading music may be free to you, but the artists now do not receive any money for their own work.
“AMCOS can offer a license on behalf of its music publisher members for certain rights associated with the reproduction of these musical works in an online context.
APRA handles the performing right in musical works for its members – which in the online context is referred to as a ‘communication to the public’. A communication occurs when music is made available – which would include online streaming and digital download services and mobile applications such as ringtones and caller tunes.”
(APRA, & AMCOS, 2008)
Webcasters- Include licenses for Net Radio and Simulcasts. This includes websites that use looped background music, discrete music mixes – ie. DJ mix sets, on-demand songs, clips and music videos.
Digital Downloads- Consumer’s purchase and downloading a full-length song or album, via legitimate Digital Service Providers (DSPs). This includes mobile phone ringtones
The government is cracking down on this crime; yes it is against the law. You can be fined and even be put in prison. Music Pirating is costing production companies thousands of dollars a year. If this dilemma dosent end we will inevitably run out of people who will be inclined to produce new songs.
My personal Plan
I would stick to these rules;
- Have an up to date Anti virus wall, and upgrade every 6 months.
- Do not try and access bank details on a public computer
- Do not download anything from unsecure sites
- Never publish any personal details or full name on an online database
- Learn some general information about computer virus’
- Disable spyware
- Do not reply to spam emails
- Set you online programs to maximum security
- Always scan documents with antivirus software before you open them
Well thanks for all you attention as I will now be signing off.
References
ONLINE MUSIC, DOWNLOADING and MUSIC COPYRIGHT (2008). APRA, & AMCOS. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from
http://www.apra.com.au/music-users/online_mobile/online_mobile.asp
